As of the end of June, 43 people in Rio Grande do Sul died of leptospirosis, a bacteria-based disease spread by contact with contaminated animal urine and common in the aftermath of floods. The state registered 737 confirmed cases of the illness, which often infects people when contaminated water contacts the eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin—causing flu-like symptoms, including fever, red eyes, muscle aches, and vomiting.